General science GK question answer || 300+MCQ || free PDF
Earth Science General Knowledge
1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?
a) Mantle
b) Crust
c) Core
d) Lithosphere
Answer: b) Crust
2. Which layer of the Earth is liquid?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Outer core
d) Inner core
Answer: c) Outer core
3. What is the primary component of Earth's atmosphere?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Answer: c) Nitrogen
4. What type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava?
a) Sedimentary
b) Metamorphic
c) Igneous
d) Organic
Answer: c) Igneous
5. Which type of plate boundary is characterized by plates moving away from each other?
a) Convergent
b) Divergent
c) Transform
d) Plate tectonics
Answer: b) Divergent
6. What is the term for the process by which rocks are broken down by natural forces?
a) Erosion
b) Weathering
c) Lithification
d) Sedimentation
Answer: b) Weathering
7. What is the largest ocean on Earth?
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Arctic Ocean
d) Pacific Ocean
Answer: d) Pacific Ocean
8. What term describes the boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other?
a) Divergent boundary
b) Convergent boundary
c) Transform boundary
d) Fault line
Answer: c) Transform boundary
9. What is the main driver of ocean currents?
a) Wind
b) Earth's rotation
c) Salinity
d) Temperature
Answer: a) Wind
10. What scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
a) Richter scale
b) Celsius scale
c) Beaufort scale
d) Mohs scale
Answer: a) Richter scale
General science GK
11. What is the term for a volcanic eruption that is characterized by the explosion of lava and ash?
a) Shield eruption
b) Stratovolcano eruption
c) Cinder cone eruption
d) Plinian eruption
Answer: d) Plinian eruption
12. What is the process called when sediment is deposited by water, wind, or ice?
a) Erosion
b) Transportation
c) Deposition
d) Compaction
Answer: c) Deposition
13. What type of rock forms from the accumulation of mineral and organic particles?
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Metamorphic
d) Granite
Answer: b) Sedimentary
14. What phenomenon is responsible for the changing of Earth's seasons?
a) Earth's rotation
b) Earth's tilt and orbit
c) Ocean currents
d) Solar flares
Answer: b) Earth's tilt and orbit
15. What is the name of the supercontinent that existed approximately 335-175 million years ago?
a) Laurasia
b) Gondwana
c) Pangaea
d) Rodinia
Answer: c) Pangaea
16. What is the term for the layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather occurs?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Answer: a) Troposphere
17. Which type of volcano is characterized by its broad, gently sloping sides?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Shield volcano
c) Cinder cone volcano
d) Lava dome
Answer: b) Shield volcano
18. What is the name of the process by which rock layers are folded or bent due to tectonic forces?
a) Erosion
b) Folding
c) Faulting
d) Uplift
Answer: b) Folding
19. What is the most common mineral in Earth's crust?
a) Quartz
b) Feldspar
c) Mica
d) Calcite
Answer: b) Feldspar
20. What type of weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks without changing their chemical composition?
a) Chemical weathering
b) Mechanical weathering
c) Biological weathering
d) Erosion
Answer: b) Mechanical weathering
General science GK
21. What is the name of the process by which sedimentary rocks are turned into metamorphic rocks?
a) Metamorphism
b) Erosion
c) Compaction
d) Lithification
Answer: a) Metamorphism
22. What is the term for the boundary between two different rock layers?
a) Fault
b) Interface
c) Horizon
d) Fault line
Answer: c) Horizon
23. What type of fault is characterized by the hanging wall moving down relative to the footwall?
a) Normal fault
b) Reverse fault
c) Strike-slip fault
d) Thrust fault
Answer: a) Normal fault
24. What is the name of the large, flat area of the ocean floor that is found at great depths?
a) Abyssal plain
b) Continental shelf
c) Mid-ocean ridge
d) Ocean trench
Answer: a) Abyssal plain
25. What is the term for the process of converting sediment into sedimentary rock?
a) Metamorphism
b) Lithification
c) Erosion
d) Deposition
Answer: b) Lithification
General science GK
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